effective understand of anything associated with the maritime world that could impact security, safety, economy, or environment
Maritime domain awareness ( MDA ) is defined by the International Maritime Organization as the effective understand of anything associated with the maritime knowledge domain that could impact the security, base hit, economy, or environment. [ 1 ] MDA is said to work as a ‘ key enabler ’ for other nautical security system issues, such as anti-piracy patrols, in the way that in order to do effective patrols you need to have the ability of conducting effective MDA [ 2 ] . The maritime world is defined as all areas and things of, on, under, relating to, adjacent to, or bordering on a ocean, ocean, or early navigable waterway, including all maritime-related activities, infrastructure, people, cargo, and vessels and other conveyances. [ 3 ] Countries have constantly gathered information about the nautical environment, in order to collect intelligence necessity for respective missions or finding enemy navies. Modern MDA however, was defined in the aftermath of the 9/11 terror attack and the terror attack on the destroyer USS Cole. [ 4 ] Maritime Domain Awareness programs aims to detect threats and come up with resolutions to these ; helping with decision-making for different threats and ; inspects that international police are kept, in ordering to ensure exemption of navigation. [ 5 ] different agents conducts MDA, the most authoritative being Maritime Domain Awareness Centers or Maritime Domain Awareness Fusion Centers. Maritime Domain Awareness Centers can have different areas of studies, regional, crime, military threats etc. These centers gather the information, fuse it in concert and analyze the datum in order to spot trends and patterns. [ 6 ] The datum gathered is utilitarian for different things such as ; police enforcement, administration and capacity building.
Automatic Identification System ( AIS ) is one of the most important sources of data for the MDA agencies. AIS is used in order for ships to know each other ’ mho whereabouts, they transmit a signal from transport to ship and to shore. recently, the system has been developed into satellite system, so called satellite AIS, which makes the system more effective. All ocean-going vessels above 300 tons, are supposed to use and transmit via AIS according to the International Maritime Organisation ( Cudzilo et al., 2012 : 1 ). [ 7 ] Underwater domain awareness ( UDA ) is the view of maritime world awareness focused on the subaqueous sector. There is a military prerequisite, but besides a need to monitor submarine geophysical action which can provide vital clues to minimize the impact of devastating natural disasters. [ 8 ]
Canada [edit ]
In Canada, the 2004 National Security Policy resulted in the establishment of Marine Security Operations Centers ( MSOCs ) responsible for supporting a home response to maritime security menace. The East Coast MSOC is in Halifax, the West Coast MSOC is in Victoria, and the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway MSOC is in Niagara. [ 9 ]
European Union [edit ]
The European Union took a decisiveness in 2008 to improve the integration and interoperability of member states ‘ maritime guard, security system, border control, environmental security, fisheries and law enforcement systems in order to create a Common Information Sharing Environment for the EU nautical knowledge domain. [ 10 ]
denmark [edit ]
The Royal Danish Navy is the main agentive role in the Kingdom of Denmark, which conducts MDA. The National Maritime Operational Center, belongs under “ søværnet ” and has unlike tasks to perform, such as search and rescue ( SAR ) and Maritime Traffic see in the territorial waters. [ 11 ]
In Greenland the Danish dark blue is building up its capabilities over the coming years, in 2021 the Mette Frederiksen Government together with Venstre, Danish Peoples ’ s Party, Danish Social Liberal Party, Conservative Peoples ’ s Party and Liberal Alliance, increased the budget with far 1.5 billion DKK. These new capabilities includes drones, education, analyst center, satellite surveillance and radar systems. The determination is to give the navy better capabilities to support the civil society in SAR missions, environment surveillance, fishery control, research etc. The agreement besides accommodates wishes from NATO, that Denmark should acquire long roll drones for surveillance of the ocean. [ 12 ]
India [edit ]
The Modi led BJP Govt had promised to set up a National Maritime Authority ( NMA ) of India in their 2014 election manifesto to ensure cohesive policy-making and effective coordination on coastal security among the multiple authorities dealing with nautical issues in the country. But the marriage proposal for the same is yet to see daylight. however post 26/11 a skid of coastal security measures have been taken, from a fledgling coastal radar network to submit nautical police stations and NMA. The 15 or more agencies involved, ranging from Navy, Coast Guard, customs, intelligence agencies and port authorities to the home and ship ministries, department of state governments and fisheries departments, often work at cross-purposes. A full-time federal body like NMA is needed to clear the clutter. The National Maritime Domain Awareness ( NMDA ) stick out of India, an integrated intelligence grid to detect and tackle threats emanating from the sea in real-time has been established to generate a coarse operational photograph of activities at sea through an institutionalized mechanism for collecting, fusing and analysing information from technical and other sources like coastal surveillance network radars, space-based automatic designation systems, vessel traffic management systems, fishing vessel registration and fishermen biometric identity databases. [ 13 ] India has a coastal surveillance radar systems ( CSRS ) net with radar across India, Seychelles and Mauritius and Sri Lanka. As of January 2019, India is in advance discussions with Myanmar to install alike radar systems there, and has besides offered these systems to Bangladesh, Indonesia, Thailand and Maldives. [ 14 ]
In the Philippines, the National Coast Watch System ( NCWS ) was originally designed to improve maritime domain awareness in the Sulu and Celebes Seas, but has been extended over the integral island country ‘s territory. [ 15 ]
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In March 2012, the south african Navy announce the establishment of two MDA centers, one in Cape Town for the west slide and one in Durban to cover the east coast. [ 16 ]
In the United States, the Secretary of the Navy is the DoD Executive Agent for nautical world awareness. [ 17 ] For individual ports, The Mariner Group ‘s CommandBridge platform is the commercialize drawing card in Maritime Domain Awareness Systems .