Russian Naval Aviation - Wikipedia - en.mindovermetal.org

military unit
The Russian Naval Aviation ( russian : Авиация Военно-морского флота России, tr. Aviatsiya Voenno-morskovo Flota Rossii ) is the air arm of the Russian Navy, having superseded soviet Naval Aviation. The russian Navy is divided into four fleets and one flotilla : Northern Fleet, Pacific Fleet, Baltic Fleet, Black Sea Fleet, and caspian Flotilla. The publicize forces of the largest and most important fleets, the Northern and Pacific fleets, operate retentive range Tu-142 anti-submarine war ( ASW ) aircraft, Il-38 medium-range ASW aircraft, and Ka-27 shipborne ASW and search-and-rescue ( SAR ) helicopters. Formations operating supersonic Tu-22M3 bombers were transferred to the Russian Air Force ‘s Long Range Aviation in 2011. [ 3 ] The relatively small fleets, the Baltic and Black Sea, presently have only tactical Su-24 bombers and ASW helicopters in service. The little Caspian Flotilla operates An-26 and Mi-8 transports, Ka-27 PS rescue helicopters, vitamin a well as some Ka-29 and Mi-24 armed helicopters. In 2011, the russian Navy Deputy Commander-in-Chief for Naval Aviation and Air Defense/Commander, Naval Air and Air Defense Forces is major General Igor Kozhin.

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history [edit ]

Beginning [edit ]

On May 30 1912, the Vice-Admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy, Vice-Admiral Alexander Karl Nikolai von Lieven submitted a written composition No. 127 on the plan for the universe of air travel detachments in the fleets. This document, approved with some reservations by the Naval Minister Vice Admiral Ivan Grigorovich, acquired the character of an order for the Naval Ministry. The legitimate sequel of the report was a letter from MGSh No. 1706/272 dated 06/02/1912 to the oral sex of the General Staff School on the formation of the infrastructure of aviation units in 1913. As of January 1, 1913, there was one seaplane and two wheeled airplanes in the Baltic, and five seaplanes on the Black Sea. In the bounce of 1914, by the decisiveness of the Minister of the Navy, an aviation department was introduced into the staff of the Naval General Staff, consisting of three people .

World War I [edit ]

The begin of the World War I found the russian Naval Aviation at the stage of organizational geological formation. In total, by August 1, 1914, the Naval Ministry had about three twelve aircraft of assorted types and about 20 certify pilots. About 10 more officers undergo flight training directly in the fleets. By the begin of the war, there were only 10 seaplanes in the Baltic, based in Libau, and 8 seaplanes in the Black Sea, in Sevastopol, and Kilen Bay. It was planned to deploy breeze detachments in the Pacific Ocean merely by the summer of 1915, but this was not implemented ascribable to the outbreak of the war. At the begin of March 1915, the Naval Aviation already had 77 aircraft, including 47 in the Baltic, and 30 seaplanes in the Black Sea. They were served by 78 officers and 859 lower ranks. As of 1 January 1917, the russian Naval Aviation was an impressive force and included 264 airplanes of versatile types. Of these, 152 aircraft and 4 small controlled balloons were in the Black Sea Fleet, 88 aircraft in the Baltic. Another 29 aircraft were available in the Petrograd and Baku policeman aviation schools. From September 1916 to May 1917 alone, the Naval Department received 61 Grigorovich M-11 and M-12 seaplanes. 26 of them flew in the Black Sea, approximately 20 entered the Baltic. In the Black Sea and Baltic aviation units, respectively, 115 and 96 officers, 1039 and 1339 conductors, non-commissioned officers and privates served .

Civil War and Interwar Period [edit ]

The regular soviet naval air travel units were created in 1918. They participated in the Russian Civil War, cooperating with the ships and the army during the combats at Petrograd, on the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Volga, the Kama River, Northern Dvina and on the Lake Onega. The newborn soviet Naval Air Force consisted of 76 disused hydroplanes. Scanty and technically fallible, it was by and large used for resupplying the ships and the army. In the moment half of the 1920s, the Naval Aviation club of battle began to grow. It received new reconnaissance hydroplanes, bombers, and fighters. In the mid-1930s, the Soviets created the Naval Air Force in the Baltic Fleet, the Black Sea Fleet and the Soviet Pacific Fleet. The importance of naval aviation had grown importantly by 1938–1940, to become one of the main components of the Soviet Navy. By this time, the Soviets had created formations and units of the gunman and bomb aviation. At the begin of the Great Patriotic War, all of the fleets ( except for the Pacific Fleet ) had a total of 1,445 aircraft .

World War II [edit ]

At the end of June 1941, three air squadrons of the Civil Air Fleet ( Baltic, Black Sea, Northern ) were formed from civil aviation units ( Baltic, Black Sea, Northern ), which were operatively dependent to the command of the air forces of the respective fleets. Their task was to provide tape drive services in the interests of the fleets. In addition, from the first days of the war, some aviation units of the NKVD Border Troops were transferred to the Naval Aviation. At the lapp time, the first assault aviation units appeared in the Navy ‘s Air Force : a squadron of the 57th BAP in the Baltic and the 46th OSHAE in the Black Sea Fleet. In the Great Patriotic War, the Naval Aviation turned out to be the most effective of the forces of the fleet – the end of 407 enemy ships by aviation was officially confirmed, which is 66 % of losses, with a total act of losses – 614 units ( however, there is information that official data on the potency of the shape of mine and torpedo aviation, for a number of reasons, they are greatly overestimated ). In the end of World War II, a reduction in the Soviet Armed Forces began. In the Naval Aviation, after the end of hostilities, assail air travel was wholly eliminated, however, three more air travel divisions were formed : the 17th SAD and the 18th SAD of the Pacific Fleet Air Force, american samoa well as the 19th MTAD of the Navy ‘s Main Command .

Cold War period [edit ]

To attack surface ships at long ranges, the Soviet Navy was alone in deploying large numbers of bombers in a maritime character for function by Naval Aviation. The Kiev classify of soviet aircraft carriers was deployed in the late 1970s and carried up to 30 aircraft including Yak-38 VTOL fighters. The next class of soviet aircraft carriers, named the Admiral Kuznetsov class, supported more conventional aircraft such as the Su-33 “ Flanker-D ” and the MiG-29 “ Fulcrum ”. [ 4 ] Land-based aircraft such as the Tupolev Tu-16 “ Badger ” and Tu-22M “ Backfire ” bombers were deployed with high-speed anti-ship missiles. previously believed to be interceptors of NATO provision convoys traveling the ocean lines of communication across the North Atlantic Ocean between Europe and North America, the primary function of these aircraft was to protect the soviet mainland from attacks by U.S. carrier task forces. [ 5 ]

modern period [edit ]

The russian naval aviation participated in the russian military intervention in the War in Syria for a few months from November 2016 to January 2017 with the deployment of russian Admiral Kuznetsov carrier to the Mediterranean. This deployment to Syria besides marked the naval air travel ‘s combat debut. On 15 November 2016, Admiral Kuznetsov, took separate in “ a large-scale mathematical process against the positions of terrorist groups Islamic State and Al-Nusra, in the provinces of Idlib and Homs “ in Syria by launching Su-33 fighter strikes. This was the first time a russian aircraft aircraft carrier would take separate in fight operations. [ citation needed ] Russian Defence Ministry late reported that at least 30 militants had been killed as a result of those strikes, including 3 battlefield commanders, among them Abul Baha al-Asfari, leader of Al-Nusra reserves in the provinces of Homs and Aleppo. Al-Asfari had besides planned and led respective guerrilla attacks on the city of Aleppo itself. The Su-33s reportedly used 500 kilogram ( 1,100 pound ) preciseness turkey. [ 6 ] On 3 December 2016, an Su-33 doss into the sea after attempting to land on the carrier. The flat crashed on its second try to land on the aircraft carrier in dependable weather conditions. The pilot was safely recovered by a search and rescue helicopter. [ 7 ] initially it was suspected that the plane missed the wires and failed to go around, falling short of the bow of the warship, but belated it was revealed that the arresting cable failed to hold the aircraft, and was damaged in the attack. Following the two incidents, the air fender was transferred to shore at Khmeimim Air Base near Latakia, Syria to continue military operations while the carrier ‘s arresting gear issues were addressed. [ 8 ] In early January 2017, it was announced that Admiral Kuznetsov and her battlegroup would be ceasing operations in Syria and returning to Russia as function of a scaling spinal column of russian affair in the conflict. [ citation needed ] During her deployment off Syria, aircraft from Admiral Kuznetsov carried out 420 battle missions, hitting 1,252 hostile targets. [ 9 ] On 11 January 2017, Admiral Kuznetsov was conducting live-fire prepare exercises in the Mediterranean off the coast of Libya. [ 10 ] The russian defense ministry announced that on 11 January, Admiral Kuznetsov was visited by Libya′s military leader Khalifa Haftar, who had a video recording conference with russian defensive structure minister Sergey Shoygu while on board. [ 11 ] [ 12 ]

social organization and administration [edit ]

The hundredth Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment ( military Unit Number 45782 ) was formed at Saki in the Crimea on 10 March 1986. [ 13 ] In January 1992 its personnel refused to take the oath of commitment to Ukraine, which would have presumably made them part of the ukrainian Navy or Ukrainian Air Force, and rather its personnel left for Russia, leaving their aircraft and equipment behind. The unit regrouped at Severomorsk-3 as separate of the Northern Fleet. however, in February 1993 the regiment was disbanded and its personnel and equipment incorporated into the 279th Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment. The 279th Independent Shipborne Assault Aviation Regiment was established in 1973. [ 14 ] In 1990 it became a Maritime Assault Aviation Regiment. On 22 February 1993 it was renamed the 279th Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment as it absorbed the remaining elements of the hundredth Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment .

structure in 2007 [edit ]

This is the social organization of the russian Naval Aviation, as reproduced from the August 2007 offspring of the Air Forces Monthly. [ 15 ] Given the modern data from 2015-16 about the two shipborne fighter aviation regiments above, the hundredth Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment, listed at Severomorsk-3 with the MiG-29K, has been removed from the Northern Fleet number. NAVAL HIGH COMMAND – Saint Petersburg
Northern Fleet Air Force – HQ Severomorsk

924th Guards Maritime Missile-Carrying Aviation Regiment (924-й ОГвМРАП) – HQ at Olenegorsk/Olenya – Tu-22M3;
279th Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment (279-й ОКИАП) – HQ at Severomorsk-3 – Su-33, Su-25UTG;
73rd ASW Long Range Aviation Squadron (73-я ОПЛАЭ ДД) – HQ at Kipelovo (Fedotovo) – Tu-142MK, Tu-142MR;
403rd Composite Aviation Regiment (403-й ОСАП) – HQ at Severomorsk-1 – Il-38, Tu-134, An-12, An-26;
830th Red Banner Shipborne ASW Helicopter Regiment (830-й ОКПЛВП)[17] – HQ at Severomorsk-1
- 1st and 2nd Shipborne Helicopter Squadrons – Ka-27;
- 3rd Assault Helicopter Squadron – Kamov Ka-29

Pacific Fleet Air Force – HQ Vladivostok

568th Guards Composite Aviation Regiment (568-й ОГвСАП) – HQ at Mongokhto
- 1st and 2nd Missile-Carrying Aviation Squadrons – Tu-22M3;
- 3rd ASW Long Range Aviation Squadron – Tu-142MR/MZ;
- SAR Detachment – An-12PS;
865th Fighter Aviation Regiment (865-й ОИАП) – HQ at Yelizovo-Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport – MiG-31;
317th Composite Air Regiment (317-й ОСАП) – HQ at Yelizovo – Tu-142;
- 175th Shipborne ASW Helicopter Squadron (175-я ОПЛВЭ) – HQ at Yelizovo – Ka-27;
71st Transport Aviation Squadron (71-я ОТРАЭ) – HQ at Vladivostok-Kievichi Airport – An-12, Tu-134, An-24, An-26;
289th ASW Aviation Regiment (289-й ОСПЛАП) – HQ at Nikolayevka – Il-38, Ka-27, Ka-29;

Baltic Fleet Air Force – HQ Kaliningrad
Black Sea Fleet Air Arm – HQ Sevastopol ( condition in 2010 ) [ 18 ] [ 19 ]

25th ASW Helicopter Regiment (25-й ОКПЛВП) – HQ at Kacha, Crimea – ~20 helicopters of types Ka-27 and Mi-14
917th Composite Aviation Regiment (917-й ОСАП) – HQ at Kacha, Crimea – ~10x Antonov transport aircraft of types An-12, An-26, An-2, 4x Be-12; ~10x Mi-8
43rd Naval Attack Aviation Regiment (43-й ОМШАП) – HQ at Gvardeyskoe, Crimea – 18x Su-24M; 4x Su-24MR;

social organization after 2008–2011 reforms [edit ]

Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier A Su-33 aircraft passing theaircraft carrier As a solution of the 2008 russian military reforms, the units of the russian Naval Aviation were reorganized into 13 newfangled Naval Air Bases. Each newly naval air base consists of an HQ, subscribe units and one or more aviation groups/wings ( the former breeze bases ). In a second stage, the air out bases were merged into territorially integrated structures. only the 279th Regiment retained its status. The plan transfer of Naval Aviation assets ( Su-24, Su-27, Tu-22M3, MiG-31 ) to the Air Force has been delayed [ 20 ] due to their importance to the service, but was finally implemented by the end of 2011. As of 2012, the only cook wing rap and fighter aircraft of russian Naval Aviation are the Su-33 fighters and Su-25UTG attack aircraft of the 279th Regiment ( forming the Admiral Kuznetsov ‘s carrier air wing ), plus the Su-24 bombers based in the Crimea. This sole bomber unit remained separate of Naval Aviation as an exception to satisfy treaty requirements governing russian forces deployments on ukrainian territory ( these must be part of the Black Sea Fleet ). [ 21 ] Buying stigmatize raw multirole Sukhoi Su-30SM for the Black Sea Fleet to replace Su-24 was in the planning stages and it has been completed as of December 2016. [ 22 ] Naval air travel besides retains the anti-submarine aircraft of the forces ( the Tu-142 and the Il-38 ) and the helicopter arm. Given the new data from 2015-16 from russian sources regarding the hundredth Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment ‘s disbandment in 1993, Air Force ‘s Monthly ‘s number of both the 100th and 279th Regiments at the Severomorsk-3 NAB has been altered by removal of the 100 KIAP.

Naval air bases of the russian Naval Aviation include : Baltic Fleet publicize bases – headquarters at Kaliningrad :

Doiskoe NAB
Chernyakhovsk NAB
Chkalovsk NAB
Khabrovo NAB

Black Sea Fleet air bases – headquarters at Sevastopol :

Gvardiyskoye NAB
Kacha NAB
Novofedorivka NAB
Saki[23]
- 43rd Independent Naval Attack Aviation Regiment (43rd OMShAP) (formerly at Gvardeiskoye) (Su-30SM, Su-24M/MR)[23]

Northern Fleet air bases – headquarters at Severomorsk :

Kipelovo NAB
Olenegorsk NAB
Severomorsk-1 NAB
Severomorsk-2 NAB
Severomorsk-3 NAB
- 279th Independent Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment (279th OKIAP)[13]
Monchegorsk NAB[23]
- 98th Composite Aviation Regiment (98th SAP)

Pacific Fleet air bases – headquarters at Vladivostok :

Chkalovsk NAB[23]
- 72nd Guards Air Base
Elizovo NAB/Yelizovo (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport)[23]
- 7060th Air Base
Kamennyy Ruchey NAB
Nikolaev NAB

actual structure [edit ]

The Soviet and its successor the russian Naval Aviation follow the TOE of the Soviet ( Russian Air Force respectively ). This exercise has been formally established with Order No. 0036 of the Navy Chief-of-Staff ( issued on October 7 and implemented on December 15, 1947 ). consequently, it followed tune impel unit conventionality ( air army ( air corps ) – air travel division – aviation regiment ) and its personnel held air pull type ranks ( generals, colonels, majors etc. ). A major deviation from the practice in the NATO extremity states and the countries, which follow US air storm traditions is that the Soviet Union, its Warsaw Pact and early socialist allies ( such as Vietnam, North Korea, Cuba etc. ) kept flying units and the grind support units offprint ( radar, signals, engineer units ) subordinated individually to higher command and dominance level. For case, an aviation regiment and the radar and signals battalion, the air travel field battalion and the other support units servicing the breeze playing field reported to their air travel division. Another difference is that soviet military air arms did not bring aviation units of different branches ( champion, transport, helicopter ) together. The only exceptions were assorted Aviation Regiments, ( which performed affair and transport tasks for armies, military districts etc. and had a fleet of An-24/ An-26 planes and Mi-8/ Mi-9 helicopters ) or rarely tune regiments, which flew one single type in different variants and tasks ( for exercise a Tu-22 naval missile-carrying aviation regiment flying 1-2 missile-carrying aviation squadrons and a squadron of reconnaissance or EW variants ) .
Admiral Kuznetsov carrier A Su-33 fighter about to land on thecarrier The 2008 russian military reform planned during the term of Anatoly Serdyukov changed that. The independent organizational exchange in the flat coat Forces was the transition from a 4-level operational chain of command ( military District — Army — Division — Regiment ) to a 3-level one ( military District — Operational Command ( Army ) — Brigade ). The Air Force transitioned correspondingly to Military District — Operational Command — Air Base chain of command. The air bases combined geographically closely located flying units of respective arms with ground support units. As the naval aviation followed the vent power organizational rehearse it excessively adopted the air base organization. The distinguish air commands of the fleets ( Air Force of the Northern Fleet, Air Force of the Pacific Fleet, Air Force of the Baltic Fleet and Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet ) were disbanded and naval aviation assets adopted a three degree operational chain of command including Military District — Fleet — Air Base. Concerning its stock, it was decided that the naval aviation divest its heavy bombers and champion aircraft ( except for the Admiral Kuznetsov air wing ), transferring them to the Air Force. The re-organization of the Air Force was late reverted on the grounds of being counter-productive. The four Air Forces and Air Defence Operational Commands ( 1st through 4th ) were reverted to Air Forces and Air Defence Armies ( 6th, 14th, 11th and 4th respectively ), one per military district each. With the institution of the Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command as a de facto fifth military zone a new 45th Air Forces and Air Defence Army was formed under it. Its aviation units belong to the naval aviation unlike the other four air travel armies, which consist of air force units. The air impel besides started transforming its champion aviation from air bases into champion air travel regiments belonging to composite air travel divisions. The naval aviation besides reverted the decision to divest its fighter air sleeve ( but not its bomber aircraft, which remain with the Air Force ). MiG-31 were transferred rear to the Navy and new Su-30SM big multirole fighters were ordered. These aircraft were grouped into fighter aviation regiments freelancer from the air bases. As of 2019 the naval aviation air bases consist of nautical patrol and ASW aircraft, transport aircraft, ASW helicopters, fight and assault helicopters, transmit helicopters and UAVs. naval aviation is following the air out effect in the resurrection of the tune divisions as an functional level of command and control. It is yet open whether the naval aviation air bases will become air divisions, reforming their fixate wing, helicopter and UAV assets in aviation regiments and squadrons or new composite naval aviation divisions will be formed and the NAABs will be subordinated to them adjacent to the fighter air travel regiments .

naval aviation in 2019 [edit ]

naval High Command [edit ]

Naval High Command ( Главное командование Военно-Морского Флота ) — Saint Petersburg

units directly subordinated to the NHC (часты центрального подчинения)[24]
- Naval Aviation Central Signals Node (Центральный узел связи морской авиации ВМФ) (Domodedovo (Moscow))
- Naval Aviation Training Center (Учебный центр морской авиации ВМФ) (Severomorsk-1) – basic theoretic training for naval aviators
- 859th Center for Naval Aviation Combat Application [Training] and Re-qualification of Flying Personnel (859-й Центр боевого применения и переучивания летного состава морской авиации) (Yeysk Airfield) – Su-33, Su-30SM, MiG-29K/KUB, Su-25UTG, L-39ZA, Il-38N, Il-20, An-140-100, An-26, Ka-27PL, Ka-28, Ka-29
- SAR Navy Support Aviation Squadron (Авиационная эскадрилья поисково-спасательного обеспечения ВМФ РФ) (Ostafyevo (Shcherbinka) Airfield): An-12PS, An-26, An-72, An-140-100.

Northern Fleet Air Force [edit ]

The Northern Fleet was subordinated to the western Military District, but with the re-vitalization of Russia ‘s interests in the High Arctic it was decided to make it separate of the kernel of a fresh, one-fifth, military district – the Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command. Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command ( Объединённое стратегическое командование «Северный флот» ) — Severomorsk

Baltic Fleet Air Force [edit ]

Order of Lenin Western Military District ( Западный военный округ ( ЗВО ) ) — Saint Petersburg

Black Sea Fleet Air Arm [edit ]

Red Banner and Order of Suvorov Southern Military District ( Краснознамённый ордена Суворова Южный военный округ ( ЮВО ) ) – Rostov-on-Don

caspian flotilla [edit ]