The United States Marine Corps is assigned by the National Command Authority to be primarily the Department of Defense ‘s expeditionary military unit -in-readiness, and the Department of the Navy ‘s contingent land pull —amphibious by nature. Before 2006 ( i.e., the formation of the Marine Corps Special Operations Command ( MARSOC ) ), the Marine Corps was the alone arm of the Armed Forces that did not have any of its limited war elements participating in the United States limited Operations Command ( USSOCOM ), due to confining its special operations capabilities only for the purpose to the Fleet Marine Force. [ 1 ] President Ronald Reagan approved the establishment of USSOCOM in April 1987 ; a month late the early military branches reassigned their own respective especial operations forces ( SOF ) units to the USSOCOM Headquarters in Tampa, Florida at MacDill Air Force Base. however, as the Marine Corps was reluctant to release control of Marine units, its specialize assets assigned to the FMF ‘s Marine Air-Ground Task Forces remained separate and have evolved to fulfill a separate recess of tasks, particular and limit in telescope, in direct support of a Marine Expeditionary Unit ‘s commander. This evolution occurred ascribable to the direction of Commandant of the Marine Corps General Alfred M. Gray, who announced on 5 February 1988, that in response to the stream and project realities of the populace, they were changing the designations of the Marine Air-Ground Task Forces that constitute its crusade formations. The word “ amphibious ” was replaced by “ expeditionary “. The newly term signified that the Marine Corps would not be limited to amphibious operations but rather would be adequate to of a wide spectrum of operations in littoral areas around the world, in ceremonious and unconventional war. [ 2 ]
Because of its status in expeditionary war, the Marine Corps basically bases its battleful scheme on its ground fight element —all air/ground elements are primarily organic support to the Marine infantry—arguing that strategic fail does not win battles. Its delegate expeditionary roles assigned by the Unified Combatant Command requires it to be in full trained and functional either as a promptly reaction or show of power to any place and environment around the globe within 24 hours. To become adaptive to the Fleet Marine Force protocol, it established its own speciate assets to support the Navy/Marine storm commanders to suit its nautical ( amphibious ) light-infantry capabilities. Despite the similarities in mention, the label of special Operations Capable does not refer to the across-the-board concept of special Operations, such as those undertaken by the United States special Operations Forces. The Marine Corps ‘ particular operations force is the Marine Raider Regiment, which was created in 2006 .
active units [edit ]
United States Marine Corps Reconnaissance Battalions [edit ]
Recon Battalions are the special Operations Capable reconnaissance assets of Marine Air-Ground Task Force that provide division-level anchor and amphibious reconnaissance to the Ground Combat Element within the United States Marine Corps. Including premier units such as United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance. Division reconnaissance teams are employed to observe and report on enemy natural process and other information of military significance in close operations. The military Occupational Specialty code for Reconnaissance Marine is 0321 .
Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company [edit ]
The Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company, or ANGLICO, are small Marine units that provide artillery, naval gunfire, close air support for the United States Armed Forces, equally well to allied extraneous arm forces global. The ANGLICO teams are specialized in ahead notice, roast terminal attack see, and forth atmosphere controlling. They give the Marine Air Ground Task Force commanders a liaison capability with alien area expertness to design, coordinate, hire and behave radio communications for air, sea and land accompaniment fire for roast, allied and coalition forces. They besides have parachutists used to insert into the battlefield quickly for observation support .
Chemical Biological Incident Response Force [edit ]
Chemical Biological Incident Response Force The Chemical Biological Incident Response Force is a rapid reaction coerce that is capable of being deployed to a combatant commanding officer or United States Department of State legations and installations, and, when directed by the National Command Authority, anywhere in the earth that is affected by chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or high-yield explosive ( CBRNE ) incidents. The storm is completely self-contained and self-sufficient, and may besides provide coordinating initial easing efforts, security, detection, identification, technical medical advice, and limit decontamination of personnel and equipment. This response force will respond to CBRNE incidents affecting to assist local civilian and military agencies in rate to assist the on-scene commander in providing initial post incident consequence management. CBIRF consists of specially discipline personnel and specialize equipment suited for operations in a wide range of contingencies. Through search and origin, decontamination, and aesculapian stabilization, CBIRF capabilities are intended to minimize the effects of a CBRNE incident .
MAGTF Reconnaissance [edit ]
USMC Amphib Recon Marine reconnaissance are specialized teams that are adept in special, ground and amphibious reconnaissance to collect intelligence for the commanders within the Marine Air-Ground Task Force to shape the commander ‘s battlespace. The division recon assets conduct recon for battalions and regiments by operating ahead of the forces to scout enemy and early pertinent information. The storm recon assets are reserved for the high-echelon of the effect commander. Force recon besides may be directed to perform direct action operations or other limited assignments to the Marine Expeditionary Force .
Marine Special Operations Command [edit ]
MARSOC emblem The Marine Special Operations Teams ( MSOTs ), are the Marine Corps ‘s only in full committed, unconventional especial operations unit that entirely operate independently from the Fleet Marine Force. Their initial role is to provide the Marine Special Operation Command ( MARSOC ) in direct action, special reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, and extraneous internal defense. It beginning began as MCSOCOM Detachment One and consequently was reformed into a Marine Special Operations Battalion ( MSOB ). Most of the feel personnel were from the disband FMF ‘s recon companies of 1st and 2nd Force Recon and from a Naval Special Warfare Group ; forming the 1st and 2nd MSOB .
Maritime Special Purpose Force [edit ]
The United States Marine Corps ‘ Maritime Special Purpose Force ( MSPF ), are specialized sub-units of the Marine Expeditionary Units. They are deployed to give commanders low profile, two-platoon surgical emplacement in accessible littoral regions. The MSPF provides the MEU with rapid address action capabilities, augmenting or replacing the unavailable Fleet Marine Force ‘s recon platoons. It enables the Marine Corps ‘s only abstruse recon unit, Force Recon, to continue providing FMF- level intelligence without stay. however, MSPFs can not operate independently of their parent MEU : they rely entirely on the MEU for logistics, intelligence, communications, exile, and burn back .
especial Reaction Teams [edit ]
The Provost Marshal ‘s extra Reaction Teams ( SRT ) are speciate military policemen that are trained in all aspects of particular weapons and tactics. They have the ability to handle special threat situations surpassing normal law enforcement capabilities, such as : isolating a crisis picture, providing technical marksmanship support, tactically responding from an assembly area to the picture, effecting an introduction, and employing clearing techniques .
Fleet Anti-terrorism Security Teams [edit ]
Fleet Anti-terrorism Security Teams ( FAST ) are autonomous, cosmopolitan deployable platoons of particularly trained Marines that are prepared to defend against terrorist threats to american english interests on extremely short-change poster. Providing limited duration expeditionary site security to vital national assets, these platoons work immediately for the Fleet Admiral of 5th, 6th, and 7th Fleets, and receive tax via the Department of State or the military Geographic Combatant Commander of the respective region. These platoons are manned by selected infantrymen, commanded by a Captain, and in addition to standard USMC infantry tasks, they are adept in : preciseness weapons use, convoy security, embarked and airfield security system, moo profile operations, population operate measures and belly laugh spending, CBRN defense mechanism, non-lethal weapons employment, boarding and self-supporting logistics, fast roping, little arms marksmanship, machine guns and machine gun gunnery, COC operations, satellite communications, and inter-operability with master of ceremonies nation forces, local guard forces, joint, interagency, and allied partners. Their motto is “ Deter, Detect, Defend ” and they are nicknamed “ Gunslingers ”. They are employed frequently in military operations early than war ( MOOTW ) .
Inactivated units [edit ]
amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion [edit ]
FMFPAC Amphib Recon Battalion, 1944 The amphibious Reconnaissance Company ( and former Battalion ) were a small group of men that conducted preliminary D-Day amphibious reconnaissance of the plan littoral beaches occupied by the Imperial japanese Army and Special Naval Landing Forces in the Central Pacific during World War II. They were infantry Marines highly skilled in battle swim, topography, and hydrographic survey that provided the V Amphibious Corps, which subsequently was redesignated under the Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, critical military intelligence of japanese enemy forces. [ 3 ]
aggregate Action Program [edit ]
compound Action Program The combine Action Program ( CAP ), was a unit that was assembled as a foreign internal defense during the Vietnam War. They were jointly allied with the South Vietnamese Popular Force, providing ‘civil protection force ‘ for local villages from the Viet Cong ‘s charm of terrorism, recruit, and tax income. belated, they were subsequently renamed the “ Civil Action Platoons ”. The alien relations between the two allied forces confided the villagers of in-sourcing information. It became one of the major sources of reliable intelligence from allies throughout the war .
joint Assault Signals Company [edit ]
The Joint Assault Signals Company ( JASCO ) were a tri-service of the Army and the Fleet Marine Force ( United States Navy / Marine Corps ) that provided supporting arms coordination for reason artillery, ships, and aircraft in delivering artillery. They were highly speciate fire support coordinators for close air and naval gunfire support.
Marine Special Operations Command Detachment One [edit ]
MarDet1 Marine Detachment One, or The MCSOCOM Detachment One ( MarDet 1 ) was a pilot burner program to assess the value of Marine special operations forces permanently detached to the United States particular Operations Command. It was commanded by Col. Robert J. Coates, former commanding officeholder of 1st Force Reconnaissance Company along with Team drawing card Lt. Lawrence R. Gentile 1st Forecon Jump Master. Det 1 was activated on 19 June 2003 and had its headquarters at Camp Del Mar Boat Basin. It was disbanded in 2006 and succeeded by the permanent Marine Forces Special Operations Command, which is to be a 2700-person command .
Marine Corps Test Unit # 1 [edit ]
The Marine Corps Test Unit ( MCTU # 1 ) was a battalion-sized unit of measurement that was designed to be outside the political and command boundaries of the Fleet Marine Force to test and evaluate innovative methods in maneuvering ground forces that were prone to operating in areas subject to nuclear attacks. They initially developed the techniques for the heliborne assaults that are used in the Army and Navy nowadays. The Test Unit ‘s infantry battalion participated in Desert Rock IV during shoot ‘Bee ‘. The reconnaissance platoon in MCTU # 1 revolutionized the modern methods of parachute insertions and extractions. The Recon Platoon subsequently became the begin of Force Reconnaissance .
Observer Group [edit ]
The Observer Group ( precursor to Amphibious Reconnaissance Company ) was a joint Army–Marine Corps whole that was the first in the United States and the Fleet Marine Force to be organized and trained specifically for amphibious reconnaissance. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The Observer group experimented in the methodology and equipment in projecting “ ship-to-shore ” reconnaissance from the sea [ 6 ] before the establishment of the Office of Strategic Services ( the precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency ), the Underwater Demolition Teams, and before the United States Army Special Forces and Air Commandos. [ 7 ] It was besides the birth of naval amphibious intelligence. [ 8 ]
chute battalions [edit ]
plot of 1st Parachute Battalion, 1940–1944 The Paramarines ( besides known as Marine paratroopers ) were specialized units that were trained to parachute into fight. The first Paramarines were trained in October 1940. The Parachute battalions have jumped into hostile territory. They lacked heavy mortar and car accelerator support due to the measure of equipment they were able to carry into battle in accession to having limited work force. They were lightly equipped for many of the missions in the Pacific campaigns during World War II. By 1944, the Parachute Battalions was disbanded, becoming another particular operations whole deactivated under the Fleet Marine Force precisely like the Marine Raiders .
plunderer battalions [edit ]
Insignia of Edson ‘s Raiders, the 1st Raider Battalion, 1942–1944 The Marine Raiders were elite units established in 1942 by the Marine Corps during World War II to conduct amphibious, light-infantry raid missions, particularly in landing in rubber boats and operating behind the lines. “ Edson ‘s Raiders of 1st Marine Raiders Battalion and “ Carlson ‘s ” Raiders of 2nd Marine Raiders Battalion are said to be the first United States especial Operations Forces to form and see battle. [ 4 ] many modern raiding methods in the Marine Corps were derived and adopted by both Carlson ‘s and Edson ‘s Raiders, which subsequently the division- level recon scouts continued its long use after they were disbanded in 1944. It became known as send action ( DA ) mission of today. Most of the know Raiders, along with the Paramarines, soon filled the ranks of division recon companies .
Anti-Terrorism battalion [edit ]
The Anti-Terrorism Battalion was a specialize anti-terrorist task unit that possessed organic and auxiliary capabilities in military intelligence and counter-intelligence, combat engineers, nuclear, biological and chemical ( NBC ) teams, and advanced riflemen. On brusque notice, they would have deployed in response to crises during terrorist attacks. They would have besides supplemented early NBC agencies as homo intelligence exploitation teams ( HET ) .
References [edit ]
- ^ lieutenant Colonel Giles Kyser, USMC, History as to Why The Marine Corps Did Not Participate in the Standup of SOCOM ; Information Paper, ( Arlington : HQMC [ Code POE-30 ] ) : Rev. 5 March 2003 ), 2 .
- ^ United States Marine Corps and particular Operations : A nineteen Year Convergence Toward a Marine Component [ 1 ]
- ^ Ray W. Stubbe, AARUGHA!: History of Specialized and Force-level Reconnaissance Activities and Units of the United States Marine Corps, 1900–1974 ; Fleet Marine Reference Publication 12–21 ( MCB Quantico, HQMC : historic Division, 1981 )
- a b Bruce F. Meyers, Swift, Silent, and Deadly: Marine Amphibious Reconnaissance in the Pacific, 1942–1945, ( Annapolis, MD : Naval Institute Press, 2004 ) .
- ^ Shinn, lstLt Leo B. ( April 1945 ). “ amphibious reconnaissance ”. Marine Corps Gazette. 29 ( 4 ).
- ^Rottman, Gordon; Michael Chappell (1998). U.S. Marine Corps 1941–45. Military Book Club edition. London: Osprey. ISBN 1855324970. OCLC 32925885.
- ^ Gordon Rottman, Amphibious Operation’s Intelligence, ( Quantico, VA : 1948 )